Speech – Freedom of Speech needs some limitations.

“Freedom of speech includes the freedom to offend people.” Freedom of speech is an entitlement for every human being, no matter if you’re rich or poor, young or old. As individuals, we are all different. Every person holds a different opinion and it’s their right to express it. We are able to voice what we’re thinking and in the perfect world, others would take in our views, no matter what they think of them, and respect how we think. But there is a limit where our opinion can become just plain negative and insulting. This is why there is going to have to be some limitations on our “freedom of thinking”, no matter how contradictory that sounds.

The sad thing is that in our present society the only answer which is satisfactory to everybody is that we have changed the definition of freedom of speech. We have changed our way of expressing ourselves. Our freedom of saying anything no longer stands. Most people have mental barriers in order to keep things to themselves for the sake of others. Yet we have also become so intolerant, especially on social media. We act as if we are constantly in a furious debate and are so desperate to win. I see this for myself almost on a daily basis, someone takes a disliking to another person’s post and proceeds to leave criticism and disparage others with the belief that only their opinion is right. This sparks a never ending debate with only spreads hatred and hostility which leaves us wondering why we ever bothered to say anything at all. This goes against to the idea of freedom of speech and yet the issue was created by the freedom of speech itself.

‘Hatred takes energy’, and it’s also unpleasant, so why waste our energy by proving ourselves right to any extent by insulting others. The younger generations are less open minded and feel more insecure expressing their ideas than ever before because of the almost enviable backlash they will receive against their opinion. This is created by the unlimited freedom of speech.

As a society, we need to move forward and accept the fundamentals of Freedom of Speech, respect the opinions of others and live with acceptance. A wise anonymous once said “Freedom of speech is every being’s fundamental right but unfortunately, today, some people are using it to propagandize aggressiveness, intolerance, and enmity. Every person should be given the right to express but before expressing; it’s their responsibility to have set some limits.” These words outline my most prominent point that we need to set limits on freedom of speech but the big question is who sets them? The Government, Police, the individual? There is not one straight answer to this question and as I have been saying this my opinion, it all comes down to circumstance. If the unlimited negative expression is taking place on a social media site then it becomes the responsibility of the site to monitor and ensure the safety of its users. Whereas if the situation becomes face to face, as individuals we need to learn to have limits, a line which we are not to cross. This leads on to the government’s role, they could set some guidelines to clarify any transparency which is left.

I am not arguing that we should revoke the right of freedom of speech. I support the fact that one should have complete ability to voice their ideas and opinions as ideas spark innovation and progress. On the other hand, it is equally wrong to spread hatred, to treat other fellow human beings differently, in the name of freedom of speech. This is why I believe that there is an urgent need for some limitations on how we go about communicating otherwise by allowing free speech we create an opportunity for people with extremist views such as racism to incite violence against minorities leading to the rise of a fascist state, such as the rise of Hilter.

I would like to leave you on a note of J.K Rowling’s words, Words are, in my not-so-humble opinion, our most inexhaustible source of magic. Capable of both inflicting injury, and remedying it.

Lord of the Flies.

Analysis.

The basis of the book, Lord of the Flies by William Golding, finds all of the horrible aspects of society and links it back to original human nature. We follow the group of English school boys as they lose their humanity and minds and we are constantly reminded of our capacity for violence. A prominent example of this in the text is the part where Simon has a fit and believes that the pig head on the stick, recently killed by Jack and his gang of hunters, spoke to him and refereed to itself as the Lord of the Flies. “Fancy thinking the beast was something you could hunt and kill […] you knew didn’t you, I’m part of you. Close. close. close. I’m the reason why it’s no go why things are what they are.” It is highly likely that Golding is conveying that the speaking pig head of Simon’s imagination is representing the moral decay and waking hunger for violence and death of the boys on the island. The Lord of the flies, also known as Beelzebub, meaning the devil.

The continual decay of the boys is shown in two main ways. The first being all of the falling throughout the book, the boys falling out of the sky in the plane, the rock falling into the jungle off the cliff, the parachuter falling into the trees from the sky, the conch falling and breaking and most importantly Piggy falling off the rock and Ralph falling at the navy mans feet. These all emphasis the falling of human kind and civilization. The second is the loss of Piggy’s sight and it comes as loss of reason. Jack takes the glasses in order to a make fire for his feast, disregarding the signal fire which needs to be lit, it represents the transition from reason to savagery.

Allegory

William is linking the small society of the island back to human society in the world and using small scale events and characters to represent larger constitutions in the outside world. The demoralization of the boys because of loss of law and order only barely measure the effects of the same conditions would have on the world.

 

Object Analysis

Fire.

  • How is it described/introduced in the text?
  • How is it used? It is a signal beacon for passing ships as a sign of life on the island in hope that it will come and rescue them. The boys relied on it for any hope of survival.
  • Find quotes where it is mentioned?
  • What ideas does it convey? The fire is symbolizing civilization and the children’s hope of being rescued. Ralph grasps to keep the fire going as he believes so strongly as it’s their only hope. When the fire is disregarded by Jack and his group they are throwing out civilization.

Pig Head.

  • How is it described/introduced in the text?
  • How is it used? It is stabbed by a two ended stick and stuck in the ground by the hunters as a gift for the beast.
Character analysis.

Name: Ralph

Appearance: Fair Hair, Male, Young, Taller than Piggy, Past Childhood, Boxers Body.

Language: “Seems to me we ought to have a chief to decide things.”

Origins: English Countryside.

Relationships:

  • with Piggy ( intellect and reason ) : cooperative relationship.
  • with Jack ( competitive / rival ) : evil.
Quotes.

“Maybe there is a beast… maybe it’s only us.”

“Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of man’s heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy.”

“We did everything adults would do. What went wrong?”

“The rules!” shouted Ralph, “you’re breaking the rules!”
“Who cares?”

“The thing is – fear can’t hurt you any more than a dream.”

Quote weaving.

The boys try to establish order but without adults or a higher power they are always “breaking the rules!”. They did everything the “adults would do” yet they still feel into a state of savagery.

Practice Exam. Not Finished.

Question 1: Describe at least one important object in the written text. Explain why that object was important.

In the novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding, the main theme finds all of the horrible aspects of society and links it back to original human nature, this is portrayed through the important object, the pig’s head on the stick. Throughout the novel, Golding imposes little clues and symbols conveying that as the boys spend more time away from civilization and as they lose their humanity, original human nature comes through and they turn to violence and savagery.

The important object in the text revolves around the idea of the boys living in a small scale society but without rules or laws they quickly descend into savagery, and the pig’s head on the stick is this center of this symbolism. In Chapter 9 when Simon has a fit and believes that the pig’s head stabbed upon the stick, recently killed by Jack and his gang of hunters, spoke to him and referred to itself as the Lord of the Flies. The Lord of the flies, also known as Beelzebub, meaning the devil which is Golding placing a large clue towards the intentions of the scene. The Lord of the Flies goes on to say “Fancy thinking the beast was something you could hunt and kill […] you knew didn’t you, I’m part of you. Close. close. close. I’m the reason why it’s no go why things are what they are.” This shows that Golding is conveying that the speaking pig head of Simon’s imagination is representing the moral decay and waking hunger for violence and death of the boys on the island.

Now and Then.

Ideas.

Morning and afternoon on private land in front of my house.

DRAFT

Then.

The rough underbelly of my shoe brushes against the tips of the pebbles as I make my way across them. They do not move to make a path for me, only sit, still as stone, waiting for their crushing fate. I continue on, past the cold, dull stone chair, iced as if it’s a cake with crispy moss and roots. As my feet reach the edge of the patio, I pause, taking in harsh breaths of freezing air that nips cruelly at my naked ankles. They are left, tingling, blushing a deep red, embarrassed by all the attention. Moving on, I step out onto the white strectch of the recoiling blades of trimmed grass. It suffocates it, blocking all light, a net of white, crisp covering which forms over the hours of darkness before. Their fine blades fail to pierce the coat of white which drapes across the ocean of green. I glance around, previously oblivious to the gentle giants which stand, cowering down at me. They are covered by a layer of frost, much like the grass which I crossed before. Crimson pointed ovals shade the light, and as I walk further, glances of bright yellow flicker across my eyes and face. Blinded, I stumble over the roots that snake beneath me. Sharp sticks grab out at me, but I swat at them and they shrink back into the piles of decaying life on the side of the path. I am suddenly distracted by the plume of mist floating out in front of me, joined by another and another. Desperate swirls of breath fight their way out into the world, escaping my body. My face has gone numb, a timid stream of liquid creeps out of my nostrils. As my hair scrapes on my forehead, I feel so calm. Smells are unable to reach my nose, the air is thin, the sky stretches above me, infinitely still.  

Now.

The pebbles still lay, awaiting me. Only now they are covered in a thin sheet of clear water. They shimmer in the dark, dusty light. Small sections catch my attention as I pass by, beaming a stream of color across me. I pass the same chair as I did only hours before, and it now rests, its true colors coming through the mass of vibrant moss and roots. Pockets of different grays peek through like nervous eyes, cautiously surveying the outside world. Past that, the ocean of green now stands tall, no longer cowering under a sheet of darkness. Each blade has joyously extended their length to the sky. Droplets of the former coating struggle to stay as the heat of the day targets them. Those left, balance delicately on their own chosen blade. In only a matter of hours, the force has switched sides to that of the grass. Once again I carry on, the same giants gather around me, but they are accompanied by smell this time. An early fire has been lit, the smog drifts into the trees, mixing with the damp smell of rotting leaves at my feet. The Giants, enlivened by the sunlight, stand much taller, looming over me with ambition. The elegant ovals descend down towards me, brushing and dislodging others as they continue their desent towards the ground. My footsteps are now accompanied by an oozing sludge of fallen leaves. I trek through, dredging up the deep, dark depths of mixed dirt and sticks. The forest is so full of smells and sights, damp smoke creeps up my body and into my nostrils, filling my head, my throat becomes itchy and the coughs tumble out. My skin is on edge, body alive, trees point towards the sky, now with multiple clouds draping across its expanse, infinitely moving. 

 

Practice Writing Exercises.

Describe The Picture ( Simple Sentences ).
  • The man drags a trailer along the street.
  • Buildings stretch up either side of him.
  • The man walks along the margin of the road.
  • There is litter all over the ground.
The man…
  • The man looks up to his right.
  • The man drags an old trailer behind him.
  • He dresses in a suit.
  • The man is all alone.
Relative Clause
  • The man, who drags an old trailer behind him, is all alone.

The boy gets out of bed in the cold June morning. The sun shone through the open curtains. The carpet scratched at his bare feet. He shivers as the cold air hits his body. Downstairs he hears his mother.

Subordinate Clauses

It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen. Winston Smith, his chin nuzzled into his breast in an effort to escape the vile wind, slipped quickly through the glass doors of Victory Mansions, though not quickly enough to prevent a swirl of gritty dust from entering along with him.

  • It was a bright cold day in April.
  • The clocks were striking thirteen.
  • Winston Smith’s chin nuzzled into his breast.
  • He is trying to escape the vile wind.
  • He slips quickly through the doors of Victory Mansions.
  • He was not quick enough to prevent the swirl of gritty dust.
Cold, hard steel which scrapes and grinds as the loop pushes into the hole, securing the item. The numbers click round as it is closed. It rattles as it is moved. LOCK

INTERNAL PRACTICE MATERIAL

Corruption of power and degenerating effects upon Macbeth.

In the Shakespearean play Macbeth, Shakespeare is using the main character Macbeth to communicate the degenerating effects which corruption of power can have on a person. As the play advances, more and more evidence of Macbeth’s degenerating mind.
Act 4 Scene 1.

Act 4 Scene 1 is the turning point of Macbeth’s logical sanity. This is the scene where The Three Witches are stirring a cauldron and Hecate enters followed closely by Macbeth. The witches give Macbeth his prophecy and he vows to himself that “From this moment, the very firstlings of my heart shall be, the firstlings of my hand.”. He is going to do whatever he likes whenever he likes. While losing his logic Macbeth is losing his hope. Macbeth began as a smart, gallant warrior and as the power has flowed through his veins and gushed into mind, he has become ignorant and foolish. The first act of Macbeths new found foolishness is killing his close friends whole family, Macduff’s family.

Act 2 Scene 1.

Shakespeare is trying to illustrate the effects of doing evil deeds upon a person such as the in Act 2 Scene 1 of Shakespeare’s tragedy Macbeth, Macbeth sees a dagger floating in front of him just before he is going to go into King Duncan’s chamber to murder him. He begins to talk directly to the dagger and tries to reach out to grab yet he cannot touch it because it is “a dagger of the mind”. This quote, through the use of metaphor, is telling us that by murdering King Duncan, he is stabbing his mind and usually, when we are stabbed we die. This could be signifying that the murder will eventually lead Macbeth’s death, either his sanity will drive him over the edge or everything that he does afterward will come back to bite him. Given that the play is a tragedy, dead is obvious throughout the play. At this stage of the play, it is becoming obvious that the idea of murder and prophecy from the witches is driving Macbeth crazy. This dagger of the mind is a “false creation” which Macbeth’s mind is tricking him into seeing into his mental state. This is Shakespeare showing the inner turmoil and feelings of horror about the murder he is about to commit. Us human beings experience the same when we do things which they are not comfortable with or things against our morals. The mind is such a complex thing that human can never truly forgive themselves, it rolls thoughts over and over and even subtle things can overwhelm a person.

Act 1 Scene 5

The first glimpses of the eventual annihilated Macbeth appear in Act 1, Scene 5. Macbeth is turning over thoughts and worries after encountering the witches and derived the prophecy. He writes ahead to Lady Macbeth, at this point in a wonder of what she will say. Macbeth’s inner turmoil is beginning to bubble and simmer. By the time he arrives home, his mind has shifted to dark ambitions.

Dramatic Irony

Dramatic Irony is a prominent effect which Shakespeare has used throughout the play to transfer insight into the play. It is the key to the suspence in the crowd, it is the way which Shakespeare captives the crowd. A example in the play is the

Act 5, Scene 5 Macbeth.

She should have died hereafter.
There would have been a time for such a word.
Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow,
Creeps in this petty pace from day to day
To the last syllable of recorded time,
And all our yesterdays have lighted fools
The way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle!
Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player
That struts and frets his hour upon the stage
And then is heard no more. It is a tale
Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,
Signifying nothing.
Simile – Shakespeare is comparing life to an actor with this extended metaphor. An actor which has their time in the limelight but once the show is over, they are irrelevant. He could be saying that people are so caught up with their own little lives and everything is so important yet untimely, their lives are irreverent.
Repetition – It is a language feature which is showing the considerable effect and maybe he is highlighting that there is always a tomorrow but you might not still be here for it. It shows the unimportance of time.
Metaphor – Shakespeare is comparing a unit of time to a unit of language, a syllable, which you could say that he is also comparing our lives to a script.

Lady Macbeth – Metaphor.

In Act 1, Scene 5 of William Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth, Lady Macbeth uses metaphors to express her deep and dark desires. Lady Macbeth receives the letter from Macbeth tell of the witches foretelling that he will become King. She then receives the news that King Duncan is coming to her battlements that night. She fears that Macbeth is to kind to the King and uses the metaphor “Fill me from crown to toe top-full of direst cruelty.” She directly comparing herself to a bottle and that she is being filled from her toes to the crest of her head of evil in order to kill the King. I believe that she has related herself to a bottle because like a bottle she is being filled up with evil. In another metaphor she used, “that I may pour thee spirits in thine ear.”

Macbeth – William Shakespeare.

 Act 1, Scene 1 Summary.

Characters: The three witches.

Location: A desert place.

Time: Unknown

Events: The three witches plan to meet when again when the battle is won and lost. The plan to meet Macbeth on the heath before the setting of the sun.

Quote: “When the hurlyburly’s done  When the battle’s won and lost.”

Act 1, Scene 2 Summary.

Characters: Duncan, Malcolm, Captain, Rosse, Angus, Lenox.

Location: A camp near Forres.

Time: Unknown

Events: A Captain from the battle comes bearing wounds and knowledge of the battle. He tells of wins and the rebels which the army has faced. He also tells of the bravery of Macbeth and acts of Scotlands traitor, Macdonwald and the other invader, Sweno, the King of Norway. Rosse and Angus finish the battle story for the weak Captain. Duncan is happy with the performance of his army and enraged by acts of Macdonwald. The traitor, Thane of Cawdor, also helps the king of Norway and Duncan claims that he will kill the Thane of Cawdor and no longer shall he receive his bosom interest.

Quote: “What bloody man is that?”

Act 1, Scene 3 Summary.

Characters: Witch 1, 2 and 3,

Location: A heath.

Time:

Events: Three witches meet on a heath and discuss how they have been causing havoc on sailors. Macbeth enters not knowing that the witches wait for him there. The witches tell of greatness which may befall on Macbeth and Banquo asks why they have not spoken of his future. They only mention that his child will become king. They meet Rosse and Angus who tell of the Thane of Cawdor’s acts and how Macbeth will take his role. Macbeth and Banquo begin to wonder if the witches tell the truth as one of their predictions come

Quote: “The Thane of Cawdor lives: why do you dress me in borrowed robes?”

Act 1, Scene 4 Summary.

Characters: Duncan, Malcolm, Donalbain, Lenox, Macbeth, Banquo, Rosse, Angus.

Location: Forres. A room in the King’s palace.

Time: Unknown.

Events: King Duncan learns of the death of the previous Thane of Cawdor and of how he confessed his treasons and dies in deep repentance. Duncan established that he is officially bestowing the heir of the throne to his oldest son, Malcolm. Macbeth states to the audience that he is going to do something bad in order to get rid of the Prince of Cumberland. He hopes that the gods will not view his black and deep desires.

Quote: “The Prince of Cumberland! – That is a step on which I must fall down, or else o’erleap, for in my way it lies.”

Act 1, Scene 5 Summary.

Characters: LADY MACBETH, MESSENGER, MACBETH.

Location: Inverness. A room in Macbeth’s Castle.

Time: Unknown.

Events: Lady Macbeth receives a letter from Macbeth the proficiency of the witches and fears that he has the ambition to become king but not the illness to complete the action. She wishes that she has those properties of a man to kill and to be surrounded by darkness just as Macbeth did when he learned of the news. She plans to kill Duncan when he comes to visit that night. Macbeth dismisses the idea when she speaks of it to him.

Quote: “All that impedes thee from the golden round”

Act 1, Scene 6 Summary.

Characters: DUNCAN, MALCOLM, DONALBAIN, BANQUO, LENNOX, MACDUFF, ROSS, ANGUS, and Attendants.

Location: The same. Before the castle. Hautboys and torches.

Time: Unknown.

Events: Duncan and Banquo arrive at Macbeth’s castle and Duncan praises the castle and says that it has a pleasant aroma and feel to the place. Banquo then continues the appraisal but it feels as though he takes it too far as if he knows something which Duncan doesn’t, which we as the audience know that he knows of the witches and Macbeth likely intentions. Lady Macbeth then greets them as if nothing is wrong yet she is planning something very sinister.

Quote: “This castle hath a pleasant seat”

Act 1, Scene 7 Summary.

Characters: MACBETH and LADY MACBETH.

Location: The same. A court within the castle. Hautboys and torches.

Time: Unknown.

Events: Macbeth sits somewhere in his castle contemplating the murder of King Duncan. He thinks of the consequences and how it would be bad hospitality if he were to kill Duncan. Lady Macbeth comes in and gives him a tongue lashing. She then says that if Macbeth can’t keep his vow he is not a man. Macbeth finally resolves that he will follow through with the murder.

Quote: “Vaulting ambition, which o’erleaps itself”

Act 2, Scene 1 Summary.

Characters: BANQUO, FLEANCE, and MACBETH.

Location: The same. A court within the castle.

Time: Unknown.

Events: Banquo and his son Fleance are in the courtyard talking, Macbeth enters and Banquo tells him that he cannot sleep and has dreamt of the three sisters. Banquo suggests that the witches speak some truth like when he become Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth states that he hasn’t thought about it since their encounter in the woods. MALady Macbeth rings the bell to indicate that all the chambermaids are asleep. Macbeth finally gets the mindset to kill Duncan and strides towards his chamber.

Quote: “Is this a dagger which I see before me,”

Act 2, Scene 2 Summary.

Characters: LADY MACBETH, MACBETH.

Location: The same.

Time: Unknown.

Events: Lady Macbeth is alone on stage and says that she has drugged the guards and would have killed the king herself if he hadn’t looked like her father, apparently now she’s all about her values. Macbeth comes in with blood on his hands and still grasping the murder weapon, Lady Macbeth has to plant it herself. Macbeth is disturbed that he can’t say amen or god bless us because he has killed his soul. Macbeth already regrets his murder of the King.

Quote: “Wake Duncan with thy knocking: I would thou couldst!”

Act 2, Scene 3 Summary.

Characters: PORTER, MACDUFF, LENOX, MACBETH, LADY MACBETH and DONALDBAIN.

Location: The same.

Time: Unknown.

Events: A funny interlude follows the murder of Duncan, true to Shakespeare’s style. The porter who’s supposed to answer the door makes jokes about “Hellgate”. Macduff and Lenox come through the door. Macbeth comes out and makes innocence small talk with them. Lenox tells Macbeth that it was a rough night with possible earthquakes. Macbeth responds to this by only saying “Yup, it was a pretty rough night”. Macduff finds the King dead, Lennox believes that it was the dead guards with blood and the dagger in the hand. Macbeth says that he killed them out of love for the King. Lady Macbeth faints. Donaldbain and Malcolm privately discuss that they should probably run.

Quote: ” ‘T was a rough night. ”

Act 2, Scene 4 Summary.

Characters: OLD MAN, MACDUFF, and ROSSE.

Location: The same.

Time: Unknown.

Events: Rosse talks with an Old man who is disturbed by the night unnatural events. Rosse says that the heavens are obviously disturbed as it is the middle of they day yet it is still dark. They give the example of a mousing owl killing the bird of prey, Hawk. Macduff arrives and says that the blame is placed on the guards Macbeth killed but it is though they were bribed by Donaldbain and Malcolm. Macbeth is off to Scone to be made the king.

Quote: “And yet dark night strangles the traveling lamp.”

Act 3, Scene 1 Summary.

Characters: BANQUO, MACBETH, LADY MACBETH, LENOX, ROSSE

Location: Forres. A room in the palace.

Time: Unknown.

Events: Banquo is alone on stage and he is suspicious of Macbeth. He pipes down when Macbeth and Lady Macbeth enter. Macbeth sweet talks him and invites him to dinner. Banquo says that he is busy, going for a horse ride. Macbeth asks if his son will be going with him and Banquo tells him he will. Macbeth does a speech to himself on why it is right to kill his friend Banquo. He believes that he has done the hard work and Banquo doesn’t deserve the legacy. Two men are brought in. Macbeth tells the two murders that Banquo has caused them all their misfortune and he is their enemy. They say they are only men and Macbeth uses his wife’s technique saying that they are not men if they’re not brave enough to kill for their own benefit. He tells them to kill his son aswell and then gets ready for his dinner party.

Quote:

Act 3, Scene 2 Summary.

Characters: MACBETH, LADY MACBETH, a SERVANT.

Location: The same. Another room.

Time: Unknown.

Events: Lady Macbeth asks servant if Banquo has gone and he says that he has left. She then gets the servant to get Macbeth. Macbeth says that he has only scorched the snake not killed and that Duncan doesn’t have to worry about loose ends. Lady Macbeth tells him to chill out. He says that if Banquo and his sons are living, his mind is full of scorpions. Macbeth states that he is going to do something bad and Lady Macbeth asks what it is, Macbeth dodges the question and says that he will tell her after it is done to impress her. Macbeth appeals to the night’s black agents to do their thing and they both exit.

Quote: “We have scorched the snake, not killed it”

Act 3, Scene 3 Summary.

Characters: 1 MURDERER, 2 MURDERER, 3 MURDERED, BANQUO, FLEANCE.

Location: The same. Another room.

Time: Unknown.

Events: Banquo is killed by the 3 murderers and his son Fleanace fled and survives.

Quote: “O’ treachy! Fly, good Fleance

Act 3, Scene 4 Summary.

Characters: MACBETH, LADY MACBETH, LENNOX, ROSSE, lords and attendents. 

Location: The same.

Time: Unknown.

Events: Macbeth greets the guests. Murderer 1 comes in and tells Macbeth that they have killled Banquo but Fleance escaped. Macbeth sees Banquo’s ghost and doesnt know that no one else sees him. The ghost sits in Macbeths seat. He goes crazy and Lady Macbeth covers for him. Lady Macbeth asks if he is man again and the ghost comes back and Macbeth continues to look crazy. Lady Macbeth tells the worried lords to leave straight away. Macbeth wonders why Macduff wasnt there and Lady Macbeth tells him to go to sleep.

Quote: “Strange things that i have in my head, that will to hand”

Act 3, Scene 5 Summary.

Characters:

Location: The same.

Time: Unknown.

Events: The witches meet again and this time with Hecate. Hecate is annoyed that they meddled with Macbeth without her but she says it in rhyme and this could indicate that she is very powerful. She will clean up this mess and she will see them in the morning with Macbeth.

Quote: “As by the strength of their illusion, shall draw him on to his confusion”

Act 3, Scene 6 Summary.

Characters:

Location: The same.

Time: Unknown.

Events: Lennox is suspicious of Macbeth and the murders. Macduff has gone to England to try and convince the King Of England, with Malcolm, to join the battle against Macbeth, the tyrant.

Quote: “Whom this tyrant holds due of birth”

Act 4, Scene 1 Summary.

Characters:

Location: The same.

Time: Unknown.

Events:

Quote:

Act 4, Scene 2 Summary.

Characters:

Location: The same.

Time: Unknown.

Events:

Quote:

Act 4, Scene 3 Summary.

Characters: MALCOLM, MACDUFF, ROSSE.

Location: England. A room in the palace.

Time: Unknown.

Events: Malcolm and Macduff are talking in the palace in England. Bad things are happening in Scotland, Malcolm says he will avenge them. They both have a mutual hatred for Macbeth. Malcolm is suspicious why Macduff is in England and has left his family alone. Malcolm tests Macduff by saying that he is worse than Macbeth. Macduff says that no one is worse than Macbeth. He says that he would “rape” any woman says no to him. Macduff says that he is worthy of being King and that there is enough woman to satisfy his needs as King. Malcolm says that he should have the following things that Kings have but he does not. He says all good features of a person. He says that if he were King he would turn the world to chaos. Macduff says that after all of that he is still more worthy than Macbeth and he will have the support of the country. Malcolm says that he is lying and that he has never even had sex and he has never lied. A doctor enters and exits. Rosse enters and tells them that everyone is sick and dying and dead is everywhere. Macduff asks of his wife and his children. Rosse says that they are well and well at peace. Macduff tells him to stop holding back and tell him truly. Rosse avoids the question. People would fight against Macbeth for Malcolm. He says he’s got something bad to say. He has withheld the information. He is told that his whole family is dead, wife, kids, servants. He says to come and fight. Macduff blames himself. We shall use your anger.

Quote: “Our country sinks beneath the yoke” Extended Metaphor. Treated as if the country is if it is an animal. It weeps, bleeds and gets gnashed every day.

Act 5, Scene 1 Summary.

Characters: DOCTOR, GENTLEWOMAN, LADY MACBETH.

Location: Dunsinane. A room in the castle.

Time: Unknown.

Events: Doctor and Gentle Woman talking about Lady Macbeth sleep talking about things she shouldn’t. She won’t sleep in dark anymore, she is always scared. She is doing nervous things such as rubbing her hands all the time. Lady Macbeth says that she has no one to fear, she is the most powerful in the land. She says that she still has blood on her hands and she is trying to rub it off her hands. This metaphor has continued from Macbeth saying that he will never get rid of the guilt and blood. The Doctor and Gentle Woman have heard something that they know that they shouldn’t and they are scared. They can not heal her from this so-called disease of guilt. She says that Banquo is dead and she is going to bed. Lady Macbeth is losing her mind.

Quote: “What’s done cannot be undone” Famous Macbeth quote which is still used a lot today.

Act 5, Scene 2 Summary.

Characters: MENTETH, ANGUS, CATHNESS, LENOX, and soldiers. 

Location: The country near Dunsinane.

Time: Unknown.

Events: A bunch of Scottish noblemen meets near Macbeth’s castle. The British army is close behind led by Malcolm and Macduff. Menteth says that Macbeth only has his own interests and everyone agrees he should go.

Quote:

Act 5, Scene 3 Summary.

Characters: MACBETH, SEYTON, and servant and doctor. 

Location: Dunsinane, a room in the castle.

Time: Unknown.

Events: Macbeth is assuring himself. Servant enters. Macbeth insults him. He is told that there are 10,000 soldiers outside. Macbeth insults him again about being scared, over and over again. Macbeth realized that he not going to have an honourable life as he grows old. Seyton enters. Macbeth says that he will fight till the end. He asks how Lady Macbeth is going. The doctor says she is going crazy. Doctor replies that she has to fix herself. And by the way, do you have means to purge England from the Scottish Country Side.

Quote:

Act 5, Scene 4 Summary.

Characters: MALCOLM, SIWARD and his SON, MACDUFF, MENTETH, CATHNESS, ANGUS, LENOX, ROSSE and SOILDERS, marching. 

Location: Country near Dunsinane. A wood in view.

Time: Unknown.

Events: Soldiers will cut down trees to hide their real numbers. Many of Macbeth’s men have destroyed him and those left do not believe in the cause. Macbeth is willing to let them come up to Dunsinane thinking the prophecy will protect him and the castle.

Quote:

Act 5, Scene 5 Summary.

Characters: SEYTON, MACBETH, MESSENGER, and soldiers.

Location: Dunsinane. Within the castle.

Time: Unknown.

Events: Macbeth is still in the castle and is ready for war. He thinks that the castle will hold up. Lady Macbeth kills herself.  Macbeth delivers soliloquy which is famous around the world and could be seen as Shakespeare himself talking to the audience. A messenger tells him that the wood is moving which is where the witches said he will be defeated.

Quote: ” Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player That struts and frets his hour upon the stage, And then is heard no more: it is a tale told by an idiot full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing. ”

Act 5, Scene 6 Summary.

Characters:  

Location:

Time: Unknown.

Events: Malcolm, Siward, and Macduff arrive with their army still covered in trees at the castle. Siward and his son will lead, the trees are dropped on battle begins.

Quote:

Act 5, Scene 7 Summary.

Characters:  

Location:

Time: Unknown.

Events:

Quote:

Reading Book

Hitchhiker’s guide to the galaxy.

Douglas Adams.

A normal earth being, Arthur Dent, faces the fact that his house is going to get destroyed for a road. His life goes downhill from there. His best friend Ford Prefect is an alien. The Earth is destroyed by Vogons and Arthur and Ford manages to hitch a ride on the Vogon Ship. Turns out Vogons don’t like Hitchikers and they are thrown into space. They get picked up by Fords semi cousin

Great Non-Ficition Writing.

Dialect has a large influence on the way language is used, it can be modified to include or exclude certain groups and individuals who are aware and confidently use the techniques. According to Mason Cooley, an American writer with a Ph.D. from Oxford, “An academic dialect is perfected when its terms are hard to understand and refer only to one another.” Cooley was very intellectual and his view on dialect I believe ties in closely to my hypothesis.

In the recorded conversations I transcribed, it is very obvious that dialect is used frequently and is difficult to understand for people who are not part of the conversation. For example, “Fade away”. This could be easily confused as either of the two meanings; an artwork which has a fade away effect or its intended meaning, namely a type of somersault. People could also just be entirely confused about its meaning. If the wrong meaning was interpreted, a bad situation could arise. Yet as this dialect is used in spoken language and between groups which comprehend this language, it is processed with its original intentions. But, if this certain dialect was used in written language, it would be close to impossible to grasp the right meaning if no prompts were available, which is very common in written language. When it is used in these situations it becomes significantly harder to distinguish the right meaning. This dramatically decreases the group which can understand the dialect.

Dialect can also be highly influenced by paralinguistic language features. Paralinguistic features are things such as pitch, tone, facial expressions, and body language. As an example of this, “Rip”. It could easily be confused between two basic meanings; “Rip” as in a rip in my shirt or “Rip” as in I’ve just got to rip home and grab my swimming shorts. The simple way to pick between the two homophones is by listening for onomatopoeia. In this example, “I’ve just got to rip home and grab my bike” can be identified as the meaning “Rip” as in to travel home because it would not have been used with a ripping sound to indicate the other homophone, “Rip in my shirt”. The pitch, tone and expression help portray the onomatopoeia.

Dialect is an extremely important language feature which can be manipulated in many different ways for many different reasons. It can easily include or exclude certain groups or individuals depending on their knowledge of the dialect. Also, it is highly dependable on paralinguistic language features which will change dialect in spoken language. After this response, I can firmly conclude that in fact dialect plays a large part as well as adds complexity and depth to modern language.